名站导航为爱好php程序的朋友们提供php相关的教程知识。
通过组合模拟多重继承
在PhP程序中不支持多重继承,如果我们向使用多个类的方法而实现代码重用有什么办法么?那就是组合。在一个类中去将另外一个类设置成属性。
下面的例子,模拟了多重继承。
<? class User { private $name = "tom"; public function getName(){ return $this->name; } } class Teacher{ private $lengthOfService = 5; // 工龄 public function getLengthOfService(){ return $this->lengthOfService; } } // 上面的类中的set方法就不写了. // 如果有个研究生,既是学生也算工龄. class GraduateStudent extends User { private $teacher ; public function __construct(){ $this->teacher = new Teacher(); } public function getLengthOfService(){ return $this->teacher->getLengthOfService(); } } $graduateStudent = new GraduateStudent(); echo "name is ".$graduateStudent->getName()."<br>"; echo "lengthOfService is ".$graduateStudent->getLengthOfService(); ?>
程序运行结果:
name is tom lengthOfService is 5
不完全的多重继承
上面的例子是多重继承么?
我们继续运行下面的代码。
<? class User{ private $name = "tom"; public function getName(){ return $this->name; } } class Teacher{ private $lengthOfService = 5; // 工龄 public function getLengthOfService(){ return $this->lengthOfService; } } class GraduateStudent extends User { private $teacher ; public function __construct(){ $this->teacher = new Teacher(); } public function getLengthOfService(){ return $this->teacher->getLengthOfService(); } } class Act{ public static function getUserName(User $_user){ echo $_user->getName(); } public static function getLengthOfService(Teacher $_teacher){ echo $_teacher->getLengthOfService(); } } $graduateStudent = new GraduateStudent(); Act::getUserName($graduateStudent); Act::getLengthOfService($graduateStudent); ?>
程序运行结果:
tom Catchable fatal error: Argument 1 passed to Act::getLengthOfService() must be an instance of Teacher, instance of GraduateStudent given, called in E:\PhP程序Projects\NowaMagic\php\4-8-2.php on line 34 and defined in E:\PhP程序Projects\NowaMagic\php\4-8-2.php on line 28
我们并不能将$graduateStudent代表的具体实例操作当作Teacher类型传入。
这样的多重继承是失败的,没有多重身份,怎么能叫多重继承呢?
使用接口实现多重继承
通过把类的特征抽象为接口,并通过实现接口的方式让对象有多重身份,自然就可以完全模拟多重继承了。
<? interface UserInterface{ //定义User的接口 function getname(); } interface TeacherInterface{ //teacher相关接口 function getLengthOfService(); } class User implements UserInterface { //实现UserInterface接口 private $name = "tom"; public function getName(){ return $this->name; } } class Teacher implements TeacherInterface { //实现TeacherInterface接口 private $lengthOfService = 5; // 工龄 public function getLengthOfService(){ return $this->lengthOfService; } } // 继承自User类,同时实现了TeacherInterface接口. class GraduateStudent extends User implements TeacherInterface { private $teacher ; public function __construct(){ $this->teacher = new Teacher(); } public function getLengthOfService(){ return $this->teacher->getLengthOfService(); } } class Act{ //注意这里的类型提示改成了接口类型 public static function getUserName(UserInterface $_user){ echo "Name is " . $_user->getName() ."<br>"; } //这里的类型提示改成了TeacherInterface类型. public static function getLengthOfService(TeacherInterface $_teacher){ echo "Age is " .$_teacher->getLengthOfService() ."<br>"; } } $graduateStudent = new GraduateStudent(); Act::getUserName($graduateStudent); Act::getLengthOfService($graduateStudent); //结果正如我们所要的,实现了有多重身份的一个对象. ?>
程序运行结果:
Name is tom Age is 5
好了关于php程序的知识就说到这里希望可以帮助需要的朋友。,PhP程序面向对象之旅:一个接口具体实例操作
将用户分为,NormalUser, VipUser, InnerUser三种。